The State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul, located on Ilha Grande in the state of Rio de Janeiro, was established in 1981 with the goal of protecting one of the most well-preserved ecosystems of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The reserve spans approximately 3,562 hectares and includes beaches, forests, rocky coastlines, mangroves, and lagoons. Its creation was driven by the growing pressure from uncontrolled tourism and economic exploitation in the region, which threatened local biodiversity. The reserve is part of a larger conservation strategy for Ilha Grande, one of the last refuges of the coastal Atlantic Forest. Currently, the reserve is managed by the State Environment Institute (INEA) and its primary function is the full preservation of the present ecosystems. As a biological reserve, access is extremely restricted and controlled, allowing only scientific activities and environmental education efforts. The aim is to ensure that the biodiversity and ecological processes of the region remain untouched, safeguarding the integrity of natural habitats and protecting endangered species.
The State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul plays a crucial role in preserving one of Brazil's most threatened ecosystems: the coastal Atlantic Forest. It protects a rich biodiversity, including flora and fauna species at risk of extinction, such as the golden lion tamarin, and is a vital area for the preservation of marine and coastal species. For Brazil, the reserve is a model of strict conservation, where human interference is minimised to ensure natural processes occur without disturbance. For the local community, the reserve symbolises the balance between the need to protect nature and the importance of promoting environmental education.
Access to the State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul is restricted, and there are no traditional tickets as in other protected areas. Entry is permitted only for scientific and environmental education activities, upon authorisation by the State Environment Institute (INEA). Visitors interested in exploring the region must participate in pre-arranged educational programs or scientific expeditions with prior authorisation. This ensures that the area’s conservation remains intact, preventing negative impacts from mass tourism. Permits are issued after careful consideration of each request, ensuring that only low-impact activities are conducted.
If you are granted permission to visit the State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul, be well-prepared. Wear light clothing and comfortable shoes, preferably suitable for hiking and long walks. Use sunscreen, a hat or cap, and insect repellent to protect yourself from the sun and mosquitoes. Bring enough water and light snacks such as fruits and cereal bars. Respect all signs and instructions provided by the reserve’s guides and staff. Stay on the designated trails to minimise environmental impact and avoid feeding the animals or getting too close to the local wildlife. Make sure to collect all waste and use the bins available in permitted areas. Following conservation rules is essential to ensuring the ongoing preservation of this important ecosystem.
The best time to visit the State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul, under appropriate conditions and permits, is during the autumn and winter months, between April and September, when the weather is milder and rain is less frequent. During this period, access to trails and the Atlantic Forest vegetation is easier, and local wildlife can be observed in their natural habitat with less risk of adverse weather. During the summer months, from December to March, the region may experience heavy rains, which can make access more difficult and increase the risk of landslides on the trails. Plan your visit according to weather conditions and available authorisations.
For international visitors, especially from Europe, the most common entry point is Galeão International Airport (GIG) in Rio de Janeiro. From there, it is necessary to travel to Angra dos Reis, about 150 km away, by car or bus. From Angra dos Reis, boats and schooners provide transportation to Ilha Grande. Once on the island, access to the State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul is limited and dependent on prior authorisation. There are no regular tourist services directly to the reserve due to environmental protection restrictions, so plan your visit in advance and ensure you obtain the necessary permits.
Ready for a unique experience of preservation and direct contact with untouched nature? Explore the available opportunities for educational visits and scientific expeditions to the State Biological Reserve of Praia do Sul below, and prepare to explore one of Brazil’s most preserved ecosystems!
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